Khartoum and South Sudan - War?

I have to admit I was surprised by the relative peaceful separation between North and South Sudan.  South Sudan officially begins its history as a new country in July and my earlier fears that this would be the “surprise war” of the year seemed unjustified (I am happy to say).  That may be changing.

The BBC reported yesterday that the Northern Sudanese army had seized the valuable Abyei region claimed by South Sudan, allegedly in response to an attack.  Let’s be clear what this is about. Oil.  The Abyei area is where the oil is located for what was once Sudan.  Taking the disputed territory prior to the official date of independence is an attempt to impose a fait accomplis.  The river forming the southern border of Abyei is the northern demarcation line – but Khartoum is likely looking for an excuse to cross over and take the entire oil producing region.  The conflict could escalate rapidly, particularly if the South Kordofan state decides it has had enough of Sharia law and the imposition of Arab culture on what is an African area. 

And this is the crux of the matter next to the oil.  The war between the south and the north has been going on since the late 1970s or earlier.  It is one of an Arab, Islamic system trying to destroy the African culture.  In the south they are black, in the north they are not.  This is an ancient clash beginning with the Muslim conquests of North Africa in the 8^th century and although its manifestations have modulated historically, that too may change as the 10,000 or so troops making up part of the South Sudan army come from South Kordofan.  President Bashir needs to moderate his views. 

The only real solution – at least with the current attitudes and government resident in Khartoum – is another split.  Otherwise, the cost in blood in Darfur will look like a minor disturbance compared to what is to come.  The West is clearly involved in both Sudan and South Sudan as is China, whose involvement in the oil regions is their primary concern. President Bashir has been indicted by the ICC and an arrest warrant remains outstanding.  Like Gadhafi, if he sees his grip on another region of Sudan loosen, his reaction and actions will be very unpleasant. 

A remote possibility exists that the Arab population in Sudan will have had enough of Bashir – but unlike the Egyptian army, any “Arab Spring” in Khartoum will be bloody.  And despite the handwringing sure to follow, removal of the current regime and its system of law may be the necessary future of Sudan.

Southern Sudan

The hard work now begins in Southern Sudan.  Almost 99% have voted for independence from Khartoum. In July, the world will inaugurate a new country but in the meantime the oil resources and transit agreements will need to be negotiated and that will not be easy.

An interesting note to all this is that demonstrations have been reported in Khartoum using Tunisia and Egypt as their inspiration, but have been controlled by the government. So far.

South Sudan - So Far So Partly Good

Back at the end of September I posted that the world was not paying attention to what could turn into a vicious bloodbath starting this week. I was writing in reference to Sudan and the vote for or against secession in the south. So far I am glad to have been proved wrong and President Bashir has said that he will respect the results of the vote, now in its second day out of six. He also offered to assume all of Sudan’s debt after the referendum if the south secedes, saying that it would be unable to handle any debt in its current economic condition.


As everyone now knows, the violence in Sudan between the Muslim north and Christian south (and, more to the point, the racial differences between the north and south) has been going on for decades. The problem in the Darfur has been covered only recently. Fighting goes a long – a long way back and had only marginally to do with what has caught the attention of the media now – oil.

Although thankfully major violence appears to have been avoided at this point in time, it remains a serious and dangerous possibility. Reuters reported yesterday that 36 have died in clashes around the likely new border and claims that Khartoum is supplying arms to Arab Misseriya militias in the Abyei region – where the oil is.

The oil producing regions in the south do just that – produce. Khartoum control, because it has the infrastructure, refining and export. Agreements will need to be signed upon independence (and there is no question the south will become independent) that restructure the revenue sharing. Although so far the fighting has been somewhat confined, I don’t see a peaceful ending to this as a given and some sort of international intervention may be required.

Expect the Chinese to be a major player in the negotiations and outcome.

The Upcoming Surprise War

Image via Wikipedia

It will be a surprise in the West, at least.  Get ready for a vicious little war in Sudan that will spill over into Uganda and Ethiopia. And it will be about oil.

Come January, the independence referendum in southern Sudan will either have been approved resoundingly or Khartoum will delay the vote.  Both will result in war and if anyone thinks that Darfur is bad - well, you ain't seen nothin' yet.

The proposed border is vague, to say the least. The oil resources straddle the border. Northern Sudan has been at war in the south for three decades. Over 1 million people have died. Both the north and south depend on the oil revenues while China and India depend on the oil. The rest of the planet is distracted - there will be no US or EU intervention.  The African Union is weak and broke.

The factors coming together - oil, religion, geography and no prospect of outside intervention - are deadly.  The importance of avoiding a major conflict cannot be overstated.  If Uganda and Ethiopia become destabilized the prospects of penetration by trans-national Islamic militants is huge and their own internal problems will be made worse.  Loss of oil production will force China and India to look elsewhere - and prices will go up.

Three months and counting.